Return of the Whoop the Resurgence of Pertussis

Return of the Whoop the Resurgence of Pertussis

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Return of the Whoop the Resurgence of Pertussis

I’m studying for my Biology class and need an explanation.

responses 1.Part II

What is a Gran-negative organism? How does the structure of a Gram-negative

organism contribute to its virulence?

Gran-negative bacteria cause infections and are resistant to multiple drugs and most

antibiotics. These bacteria have built-in abilities to find new ways to become resistance

an can pass along their genetic material. The outer membrane of Gram-negative

organisms contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS), proteins, and phospholipids and

contribute to its virulence. LPS is toxic and is classified as an endotoxin that elicits a

strong immune response when infecting organisms.

What is an antibiotic? Which class of antibiotics works best for Bordetella pertussis?

Antibiotics are any substance that inhibits the growth and replication of a bacterium or

kills it. For Bordetella pertussis, the class of antibiotics that works best are Azithromycin,

Erythromycin, and Clarithromycin.

Part III

What is a vaccine?

A vaccine contains the same germs that cause a disease that have been killed or

weakened in order to stimulate an individual’s immune system to produce antibodies.

Compare the difference between a cellular and acellular vaccine.

Cellular vaccines are made from inactivated Bordetella Pertussis bacteria while acellular

vaccines are created with inactivated pertussis toxin and one or more bacterial

components……response 2:

1. Why is it difficult to grow Bordetella pertussis in a laboratory?-Bordetella pertussis is

a gram-negative bacterium and is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough.

Pertussis is respiratory disease that can be transferred from an infected person to

others. As mentioned in the passage, the bacteria grows at 35-37 degrees which makes

it very difficult because of the specific temperature required to grow. It is imperative that

the media in the laboratory is made up of potato fusion, peptic digest from animal tissue

and sheep blood also including many more. All these factors make it very difficult to

grow the bacteria in a laboratory.

3. Discuss and evaluate the methods used to identify Bordetella pertussis.-There are

several methods used to identify the bacteria. In many cases it appears smooth, raised

and glistening with a zone of hemolysis. This is done through biochemical tests and

direct fluorescent including serologic tests as well.

PART III1. What is a vaccine?-A vaccine is a substance described to help build up

antibodies against the bacteria which minimizes the spread or growth of the bacteria. In

this case, it is created by growing the bacteria to build the foundation of the vaccine. It Is

explained in the article how the vaccine can have numerous side effects in the process

such a high fevers, however an acellular vaccine has much less concentrated form than

that found in whole-cell vaccines which reduced the side effects.

2. Compare the differences between a cellular and an acellular vaccine.-Cellular and

acellular vaccine are both capable of generating high levels of antibodies against

bacteria presented. There are multiple differences and the first being that acellular was

created as an alternative to the whole-cell vaccine, including that it is also safer than the

cellular. Although acellular has a positive in the reduction of side effects, it was made an

alternative because the protection that it has against the bacteria does not last as long

as it should.

Return of the Whoop the Resurgence of Pertussis

RUBRIC
Excellent Quality 95-100%	Introduction 45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.		Literature Support 91-84  points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.			Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score 50-85%	40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.		83-76  points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.			52-49  points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality 0-45%	37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.		75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.			48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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