International development

International development

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International development

International development refers to the process of improving economic, social, and political conditions in developing countries, with the aim of promoting sustainable growth and reducing poverty. The concept of international development has evolved over time, with different theories and approaches emerging in response to changing global trends and priorities.

One of the earliest approaches to international development was modernization theory, which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. This theory held that the key to development was for developing countries to adopt Western-style economic and political institutions, technologies, and values. Critics of modernization theory argued that it neglected the historical and cultural specificities of each country and failed to address the structural inequalities that underlie poverty.

In the 1970s, the dependency theory emerged as a critique of modernization theory. Dependency theorists argued that developing countries were structurally disadvantaged by their reliance on exports of raw materials to developed countries, which kept them locked into a cycle of underdevelopment. Dependency theory called for a more radical restructuring of the global economic system to address these inequalities.

In the 1980s, neoliberalism emerged as the dominant paradigm in international development. Neoliberalism emphasized free markets, privatization, and deregulation as the key drivers of economic growth and development. Critics of neoliberalism argued that it led to increasing inequality and social exclusion, and failed to address the structural causes of poverty.

In recent years, a more holistic and inclusive approach to international development has emerged, known as the sustainable development agenda. This approach emphasizes the need to balance economic, social, and environmental priorities in order to achieve long-term sustainable development. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a framework for this approach, with 17 goals and 169 targets aimed at promoting economic growth, social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and good governance.

International development is typically carried out by a range of actors, including national governments, international organizations such as the World Bank and the United Nations, bilateral aid agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and private sector actors. These actors may work together or separately to implement development programs and initiatives.

The process of international development can take a variety of forms, including foreign aid, trade and investment, technical assistance, capacity building, and advocacy. Foreign aid can take the form of financial assistance, technical assistance, or in-kind donations such as food or medical supplies. Trade and investment can promote economic growth and job creation, but can also lead to exploitation and inequality. Technical assistance and capacity building can help to strengthen institutions and build local capacity, but can also perpetuate dependence on external expertise. Advocacy can raise awareness and promote political change, but can also be limited in its effectiveness without the support of other development interventions.

In conclusion, international development is a complex and evolving field that seeks to promote sustainable growth and reduce poverty in developing countries. Theories and approaches to international development have evolved over time, reflecting changing global priorities and perspectives. The sustainable development agenda provides a framework for a more holistic and inclusive approach to development, but the success of development efforts will depend on the ability of actors to balance economic, social, and environmental priorities and address the underlying structural causes of poverty.

International development

RUBRIC
Excellent Quality 95-100%	Introduction 45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.		Literature Support 91-84  points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.			Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score 50-85%	40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.		83-76  points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.			52-49  points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality 0-45%	37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.		75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.			48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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