Breast Cancer and Energy in Living Systems Discussions

Breast Cancer and Energy in Living Systems Discussions

Table of Contents

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Instructions

Breast Cancer and Energy in Living Systems Discussions

In your assigned readings, you learned how cells utilize energy. Discuss the importance of

electrons in the transfer of energy in living systems. Be sure to use a specific example in your

discussion.

Be sure to use in text citation and provide references for your sources. While not required for

this discussion, you may use outside resources. When citing articles or other types of

document, follow standard guidelines as introduced on this [page]

(http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html "Citing references in scientific

research papers").

After posting your discussion on the forum, briefly comment in a constructive manner to at

least two of your peer's postings. In your comments, you may for instance refer to how your

own experience supports/contradicts the opinions developed by your peers. You may also ask

for more detailed examples supporting these opinions, if you think they are too general or not

rooted enough in personal experience. In particular, make sure that the examples provided are

properly referenced and that you are able to access them. Overall, your comments should

contribute positively to the conversation by broadening or clarifying it.

2/. You need to fill out the word document named enzymes lab

3/

In your assigned readings, you learned how cells divide in order to replace damaged and dead

cells. Normally, division is regulated resulting in healthy functional tissue. Cancer occurs when

normal regulation of cell division is lost and becomes uncontrolled. Uncontrolled division

results in massive reproduction of abnormal cells. Cancer is the result of unchecked cell division

caused by a breakdown of the mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle. The loss of control

begins with a change in the DNA sequence of a gene that codes for one of the regulatory

molecules. Faulty instructions lead to a protein that does not function as it should. Any

disruption of the monitoring system can allow other mistakes to be passed on to the daughter

cells. Each successive cell division will give rise to daughter cells with even more accumulated

damage. Eventually, all checkpoints become nonfunctional, and rapidly reproducing cells crowd

out normal cells, resulting in a tumor or leukemia (blood cancer).

For this discussion, you will select a specific cancer. What cell type is affected? Describe the

defect in cellular reproduction responsible for the cancer. Discuss therapy available for

treatment of the disorder. Does the therapy treat the symptoms or the genetic nature of the

disease? Explain.

Be sure to use in text citation and provide references for your sources. You will need to use

outside sources for this discussion. When citing articles or other types of document, follow

standard guidelines as introduced on this [page]

(http://tim.thorpeallen.net/Courses/Reference/Citations.html "Citing references in scientific

research papers").

After posting your discussion on the forum, briefly comment in a constructive manner to at

least two of your peer's postings. In your comments, you may for instance refer to how your

own experience supports/contradicts the opinions developed by your peers. You may also ask

for more detailed examples supporting these opinions, if you think they are too general or not

rooted enough in personal experience. In particular, make sure that the examples provided are

properly referenced and that you are able to access them. Overall, your comments should

contribute positively to the conversation by broadening or clarifying it.

4/ fill out the mitosis lab document

POSTS

1/ electrons plays an important role in our lives.it has complex functions that shift or reduce to

compounds.

Furthermore, the role of electron energy is that energy can be transferred step by step by the

transfer and transfer of energy between molecules. In addition, nureoctide derivatives derived

from the B vitamins can be easily reduced or oxidized.

In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, commonly known as NAD, is derived from the

oxidized form of the molecule, niacin, which is vitamin B3. NAD + is capable of receiving

electrons from organic molecules.

NADP contains an extra phosphate machine and plays an important role in assimilation and

photosynthesis. In addition, both NAD + and FAD + are heavily used to emit energy from sugars.

adenosine triphosphate plays an important role in supplying energy and power to cells. In

addition, APT is commonly known as the energy currency. That energy uses compounds as well

as currencies to meet any energy demand in the cell. Energy is then released when the APT is

removed by the terminal phosphate group. In short, energy needs to be injected into the

system to regenerate APT, a necessary element to power living cells.

source: 7.1 Energy in Living Systems – Biology: OpenStax. Biology | OpenStax. (n.d.).

2/ Electrons play a very important role in transferring energy. When an electron is removed

from a molecule, it results in a decrease in potential energy. The electron is shifted to a second

compound after it has been removed from the first. These 2 compounds are the oxidized

compound (first) and the reduced compound (second). The transferal of energy through

electrons is important because it allows the atom, where most energy is stored in cells, to use

the energy in small increments as opposed to one burst of energy. In order for this transfer to

happen, there is a certain class of compounds that have the title of "electron shuttles". These

compounds bind and carry high-energy electrons between compounds. An example of this is

NAD?. When it has been oxidized and the electron has been transferred, NAD? becomes NADH.

NAD? is the oxidized compound and NADH becomes the reduced compound. NADH has one

more hydrogen ion and two more electrons than NAD? does after it was transferred. If too

many electrons are transferred, there becomes free energy. If there is excess free energy, living

cells aren't able to store it. This is where ATP comes into the equation. ATP is often referred to

as the "energy currency" in the cell. It is described as functioning similarly to a rechargeable

battery. Combined with the transfer of electrons and ATP, a cell has all of the energy that it

needs to perform its functions.

3/ I chose to research lung cancer further. Lung cancer typically starts in the lungs, but it is

possible for cancer in other parts of the body to grow and then infect the lungs. Lung cancers

will typically attack the cells lining the bronchi first, as well as the bronchioles/ alveoli.

There are 2 main types of cancers and each one has different parts that it affects as well as

different treatments available. The two types are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small

cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC has several types of cancer below its "umbrella". The most

common type of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma, which accounts for 30% of cases overall. These

are also found in different forms of cancer including breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers.

Adenocarcinoma is found in the outer part of the lung and affects the cells that would normally

produce substances such as mucus. Squamous cell carcinoma affects the flat cells that are on

the inside of our airways. These are usually found near the main airway, the bronchus. SCLC is

sometimes referred to as oat cell cancer, because of the way that it makes the cells change.

Therapy for lung cancer differs in accordance with which type is present. Some types of cancer

are not as aggressive and would not need as harsh treatment as others. The most common

treatments are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy,

targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, palliative care, as well as some clinical trials. The goals

of all of these treatments are to wipe out cancer as a whole and not just get rid of its

symptoms. It is recommended that you talk with your doctor to figure out the best plan of

treatment for you based on your overall health, the type, and the state of your cancer. They will

also take your preferences into consideration.

Breast Cancer and Energy in Living Systems Discussions

RUBRIC
Excellent Quality 95-100%	Introduction 45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.		Literature Support 91-84  points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.			Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score 50-85%	40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.		83-76  points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.			52-49  points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality 0-45%	37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.		75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.			48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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