Epidemiology Homework

Epidemiology Homework

Table of Contents

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Instructions

Epidemiology Homework

Assignment Directions: Submit assignment in Canvas by 9:30am, April 7. Show all work for full credit!

The answer key will be posted after 9:30am April 7. Late assignments will not receive points. Please plan ahead!

1.Researchers examined the association between infection with herpes virus (exposure) and the development of Alzheimer’s disease (outcome) among people aged 50 years and older in assisted living facilities in Colorado. They first identified 453 assisted living residents with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s. Next, they identified 902 residents living in the same facilities without the disease during the same time period. By extensively examining medical histories of each participant, researchers were able to determine that of the 453 Alzheimer’s patients, 167 had previously been diagnosed with herpes infection, and of the 902 without the disease, 184 had previously been diagnosed with herpes infection.

a.What type of study design is described above? [1 point]

b.Please create a 2×2 table using the information provided above. Be sure to provide labels and totals for columns and rows. [2 points]

c.Which measure of association would be appropriate for these data? Calculate this measure and present your final answer with 1 decimal place. Provide an interpretation of your calculated measure of association. [4 points]

2.Investigators were interested in examining the effects of oral contraceptive use (exposure) on breast cancer (outcome) in women. In 1976, 114,880 women without breast cancer were enrolled in a study and followed for the next 25 years. Every two years, participants were asked to complete a survey with questions about health-related topics. Contraceptive use was categorized as never (unexposed), less than 5 years, 5-9 years, and 10 or more years. Their results are summarized in the table below.

Contraception use	Breast Cancer	No Breast Cancer
10 or more years	144	3,998
5 to 9 years	327	12,748
<5 years	819	34,707
Never used (unexposed)	2,093	60,044
	3,383	111,497

a.What type of study design is described above? Be specific! [2 points]

b.Which measure of association would be appropriate for these data? [1 point]

c.Please calculate the appropriate measure of association for each of the 3 exposed groups, and present your final answers with 2 decimal places (hint: you will calculate a measure of risk three times). [6 points]

d.Provide an interpretation of the measure of association when comparing 5-9 years contraception use to never used contraception. [1 point]

e.The authors are interested in determining the number of breast cancer cases that could be eliminated if women did not use oral contraceptive. What is the term for this measure? [1 point]

3.Using information provided and/or calculated in question two, provide two of Hill’s causal guidelines addressed in this study. For each guideline, provide a brief (1-2 sentences) explanation of how it was addressed. [2 points]

RUBRIC
Excellent Quality 95-100%	Introduction 45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.		Literature Support 91-84  points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.			Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score 50-85%	40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.		83-76  points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.			52-49  points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality 0-45%	37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.		75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.			48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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Epidemiology Homework

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