Colorado versus Connelly Comparison Essay

Colorado versus Connelly Comparison Essay

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Colorado versus Connelly Comparison Essay

Colorado, Connelly, Comparison, Essay

Facts:

• Connelly approached a police officer and showed interest on confessing about a murder that he committed.
• Connelly had a history of mental illness and had been of his medication for at least 6 months.
• Before Connelly made a confession, the officer gave Connelly his Miranda warnings and called a detective that before interrogating him, read him again his Miranda warnings.
• Connelly acknowledge the understanding of his Miranda rights and confessed that he murder a young girl.
• The next morning Connelly was disoriented and claimed that voices made him confess to the murder.
• Connelly then was diagnosed by a psychiatrist with schizophrenia and wanted to suppress the use of his statements in court because his psychotic condition made him confess but he was able to understand his Miranda rights.

Procedural History:

• Supreme court of Colorado suppressed the evidence
• U.S Supreme Court

Law:

• “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;

nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”

-5th amendment

• All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

-14th amendment

Legal Question:

• Can Connelly’s statement be suppressed, since he made it in a state of mind in which he was not aware of the situation and the consequences?

Holding and vote: No (7-2)

Reasoning: (Rehnquist, majority) joined by White, Blackmun, Powell, Stevens, O’Connor and scalia.

1. The admissibility of statements is governed by state rules of evidence, rather than previous supreme court decisions regarding coerced confessions and Miranda waivers.
2. The officers did not use any questionable methods to get a confession from Connelly, in fact they told him that he had the right to remain silent, yet he proceeded to confess.
3. Similar cases in which statements were suppressed due to the defendant’s mental state is because the officers exploited their mental health to get a confession. I.e., Blackburn v. Alabama, 361 U. S. 199 (1960), and Townsend v. Sain, 372 U. S. 293 (1963)
4. The due process clause of the 5th and 14th amendment was not violated because the defendant did everything voluntarily and somewhat knowingly because schizophrenia does not impair comprehension.
5. Voluntary in the eyes of the law means, not being influenced by an external force, in this case the defendant was not influenced by any police officer.

Concurring Opinion: (Blackmun and Stevens)

• Justice Blackmun agrees with everything, except with part III A, where it was talked about the defendant waived his Miranda rights. He believes that it was unnecessary.
• Justice Stevens believes that Connelly’s statement were involuntary. However, the fifth amendment was not violated, therefore, it is not required to suppress the evidence gathered by the officers.

Dissenting opinion: (Justice Brennan joined by Marshall)

• Justice Brennan believe that the defendant did not make these confessions in the right state of mind because of his condition and his withdrawal from medication for a prolonged period of time. He also believes that his hallucination had some effect in his ability to comprehend his Miranda rights.

The absence of police misconduct does not necessarily mean that the confessions was made on free will. The court has reversed similar cases in which a person confessed to a crime due to medication (Townsend v. Sain,372 U. S. 293, 1963). Allowing to include mentally ill individual to voluntary confession is an error because more often than not these confessions are going to be unreliable.

RUBRIC
Excellent Quality 95-100%	Introduction 45-41 points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.		Literature Support 91-84  points The background and significance of the problem and a clear statement of the research purpose is provided. The search history is mentioned.			Methodology 58-53 points Content is well-organized with headings for each slide and bulleted lists to group related material as needed. Use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. to enhance readability and presentation content is excellent. Length requirements of 10 slides/pages or less is met.
Average Score 50-85%	40-38 points More depth/detail for the background and significance is needed, or the research detail is not clear. No search history information is provided.		83-76  points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is little integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are included. Summary of information presented is included. Conclusion may not contain a biblical integration.			52-49  points Content is somewhat organized, but no structure is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects, etc. is occasionally detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met.
Poor Quality 0-45%	37-1 points The background and/or significance are missing. No search history information is provided.		75-1 points Review of relevant theoretical literature is evident, but there is no integration of studies into concepts related to problem. Review is partially focused and organized. Supporting and opposing research are not included in the summary of information presented. Conclusion does not contain a biblical integration.			48-1 points There is no clear or logical organizational structure. No logical sequence is apparent. The use of font, color, graphics, effects etc. is often detracting to the presentation content. Length requirements may not be met
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